10 Questions to Ask Before Buying Land in Lagos

Land ownership in Lagos comes with high stakes. Get it right, and you secure a valuable asset in one of Africa’s most dynamic cities. Get it wrong, and you could lose millions to fraud, disputes, or government acquisition. The difference lies in asking the right questions before you commit.

Lagos is expanding fast, from the bustling mainland districts of Surulere and Ikeja to the growing real estate corridors of Ibeju-Lekki and Epe. With the city’s population projected to exceed 30 million in the coming years, land demand is soaring. This growth attracts genuine investors and, unfortunately, a rising wave of dubious sellers, fake agents, and overlapping land claims.

1. Who owns the land?

Always begin with ownership verification. Request original documents, the survey plan, deed of assignment, and Certificate of Occupancy (C of O). Confirm the seller’s name matches the documents and that ownership is traceable and authentic. A simple search at the Lagos State Lands Bureau can save you from buying land under false pretenses.

2. Is the land under government acquisition or committed area?

Many lands in Lagos fall within government-acquired zones reserved for public projects. Buying such land means instant loss. Obtain a land information certificate from the Lagos State Ministry of Physical Planning to confirm the property’s status before any transaction.

3. What type of title does the land have?

Titles vary C of O, Governor’s Consent, Gazette, Excision, or Deed of Assignment. Understand each one. A land with Governor’s Consent offers stronger legal protection than one with an “excision in process.” Never rely on verbal assurances from agents or families.

4. Has the land been properly surveyed?

A valid survey plan defines the boundaries and coordinates of the property. Insist that it be prepared by a registered surveyor and stamped. Cross-check the coordinates at the Surveyor-General’s Office to confirm that the land matches what’s on paper.

5. Are there existing disputes or encumbrances?

Land disputes are rampant across Lagos. Ask local residents, traditional leaders, and neighboring property owners if the land is in contention. Avoid any property under litigation, family conflict, or community restriction.

6. Is there physical access to the land?

A plot without proper road access can be a long-term headache. Visit the site and confirm access roads and drainage. Also, check for flood-prone terrain, a common issue in parts of Lekki, Ajah, and Ikorodu.

7. What are the neighborhood’s development plans?

Zoning matters. Check with the Lagos State Physical Planning Permit Authority (LASPPPA) to know if the area is designated for residential, commercial, or mixed-use purposes. This ensures your investment aligns with the area’s long-term development and increases resale value.

8. Are all family members or landowners in agreement on the sale?

When buying family or communal land, make sure every principal member signs the sale documents. Disputes often arise when one member sells without others’ consent. Always insist on full family representation and joint signatures.

9. What are the hidden or additional costs?

Factor in survey fees, legal fees, agency commissions, documentation, and possible development levies. Get a written breakdown of all charges. What looks cheap initially can balloon into unexpected expenses after payment.

10. Has physical possession been transferred?

After completing all documentation and payment, ensure physical possession, marked boundaries, handover letters, and witness acknowledgments. Taking possession early prevents encroachment or fraudulent resale by unscrupulous sellers.